State 2. 32 key terms in the APHG study of political geography. The world economy has one market and a global division of labor. E 9. Initially, states continued to operate primarily as separate countries. Within the pluralist tradition, Robert Dahl developed the theory of the state as a neutral arena for contending interests. Throughout the nineteenth-century in Europe, states used nationalism to achieve various goals. Colonialism is the control of previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited land. answer choices ... Sovereign states are free to establish their own foreign policy regarding other nations. Another example of a multistate nation is the Koreans, whose national population is split predominantly between the states of North Korea and South Korea. Study. False. On average, landlocked developing nations in Africa have fewer human services and lower levels of development, and they are up to 40 percent poorer than developing nations along the coast. The first known states were created in Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, the Americas (e.g., Aztec civilization, Inca civilization). Temporary periods of stability in how politics are conducted at the global scale. 4) Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because A) Denmark consolidated its boundaries by giving Greenland to Norway. AP Human Geography Ethnicity Unit Exam MULTIPLE CHOICE. The idea is that the heartland is a pivot point for controlling all of Asia and Africa, which he referred to as the World Island. When nations and states come together, there is a true nation-state, wherein most citizens share a common heritage and a united government. D required the application of a concept, the nation-state, to the case of Canada. Thus, states, as an institution, were a social invention. C) Russia and the United States. If they want to speak their language or teach their specific religion in the local schools, then the central government allows local people to make those decisions. Basically, in a multistate nation, people share a common characteristic and live in multiple states. Home Embed All AP Human Geography Resources . Subject. Marxist theory, on the other hand, sees politics as intimately intermingled with economic relations, and emphasizes the relationship between economic power and political power. ... An Introduction to Human Geography. Modern archaeological and anthropological evidence shows that many early societies were not as centralized, despotic, or unequal as the hydraulic theory would suggest. 11th ed. Subject. answer choices . Another theory of state formation focuses on the long, slow, process of rationalization and bureaucratization that began with the invention of writing. Religious differences, for example, can split people of the same culture. The Falkland Islands have been settled and occupied … 50. Innovations in food production and the manufacturing of products transformed Europe, and in turn, political currents were undermining the established empire mentality fueled by warfare and territorial disputes. The French Revolution (1789–95) was an example of the political transformation taking place across Europe to establish democratic processes for governance. History shows us that those challenges can and do lead to civil unrest, protest, and armed conflict. Politically, Spykman called for the consolidation of the Rimland countries to ensure their survival during World War II. E 4. A nation-state is a state with primarily only one nation within its borders. B) Australia and New Zealand. Political geography is the study of how humans have divided up the surface of the Earth for purposes of management and control. Warned that if this pivot area become influential in Europe a great empire would be formed. Eastern Europe is abundant in raw materials and farmland, which are needed to support a vast army that could then control the coasts and water ports that make international trade possible. A principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legiitmate rulers of independent states. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mackinder noted Eurasia, the largest most populous landmass on earth had a pivot point at its center. The concept of the modern nation-state began in Europe as a political revolution laid the groundwork for a sense of nationalism: a feeling of devotion or loyalty to a specific nation. Which challenge did many African nations face after gaining independence? Antecedent Boundary Even well-known multi-national companies like Google Maps are censored if they show the area as “disputed.” This means that Indians grow up always seeing Kashmir as a part of their country, of equal standing with undisputed states like Tamil Nadu or Assam. ... An Introduction to Human Geography. Zero population growth definition, the maintenance of a population at a constant level by limiting the number of live births to that needed to replace the existing population. Federalism is a system of government with one, strong, central governing authority as well as smaller units, such as states. Allows states within the state to determine "moral" laws such as death penalty, access to alcohol, and concealed weapons. Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because A) nearly all Danes speak Danish and live in Denmark. Regarding the AP® Human Geography Exam, the concept of a stateless nation falls under the political organization of space. 11th ed. AP Human Geography : Supranationalism & International Alliances ... example questions & explanations for AP Human Geography. AP Human Geography Samples and Commentary from the 2019 Exam Administration: Free-Response Question 3 - Set 1 Author: College Board Subject: AP Human Geography Samples and Commentary from the 2019 Exam Administration: Free-Response Question 3 - Set 1 Keywords Although in some countries, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea defines the boundary of international waters. In the 1990s, this all disintegrated as each nationality sought its own state and control over the other nationalities. AP® Human Geography 2002 Scoring Guidelines These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service ® (ETS ), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. They then view the state as a neutral body that enacts the will of whichever group dominates the electoral process. irredentism. Home Embed All AP Human Geography Resources . Why was the heartland so crucial at this time? 32. • Multi-State nation: A nation whose traditional homeland lies in two or more States. B 2. From the perspective of these critics, China is taking advantage of the vulnerability and desperation in many underdeveloped African countries by offering them huge unsustainable loans for projects which are usually predetermined to be undertaken by Chinese firms, using Chinese workforce. Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. In those places like Egypt, France, and Japan, where nationalist feelings are strong, and there are many centripetal forces like language, religion, and economic prosperity uniting people, a unitary state makes much sense. Heartland Theory, also known as “The Geographic Pivot of History” theory, Mackinder thought that whoever controlled Eastern Europe, the heartland, would control the world. Zero population growth definition, the maintenance of a population at a constant level by limiting the number of live births to that needed to replace the existing population. Both governments have proposed a boundary based on the principle of equidistance, but with different base point selections, resulting in small differences in the line. Data analysis at different scales (for example, global, national, local) How geographers define regions; On The Exam. As such, it usually defines areas of exclusive national rights over any natural resources within that boundary. Theories of this variety view the state as a neutral entity distinct from both society and the economy. The study of human political ... 1967 declared itself a nation Has become recognized internationally European states have given it de facto recognition. Examples: Italy (completely surrounds Vatican City), South Africa (completely surrounds Lesotho) Country that is surrounded (Lesotho), depends almost entirely on the surrounding country for transportation and the import/export of goods A country that is “landlocking” another country. Iceland is one of the best examples of a nation-state where only 6.66% of the population are of a different nationality… This process is often beneficial to the unitary nations to prevent political instability and conflict; however, it can be withdrawn by the central government at any time. Imagine, for example, if Canada announced a claim to Washington State, and maps published outside North America began showing that state as a disputed territory. A city-state is a sovereign state that encompasses a town and the surrounding landscape. autocracy. However, there are many dozens of other similarly self-governing regions around the globe, most with names designating their status. This question has been one of the central political issues in the U.S., since even before the War for Independence. Economic model wherein people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them on the world market, with the goal of achieving profit. Thus, states have evolved from relatively simple but powerful central powers to sophisticated and highly organized institutions. Canada is a multinational state with at least two nations; French-Canadians and English-Canadians. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, scholars developed many theories about how political power is expressed geographically. AP Human Geography: Political Geography Vocab. B) Australia and New Zealand. balkanization. The forces within a state that unify the people. As the amphibious buffer zone between the land powers and sea powers, it must defend itself from both sides, and therein lies its fundamental security problems. Description. As a result, it implies that if a nation does not seek out and conquer new territories, it will risk failing because other nations also behave organically. In Italy, the richer north pushed for autonomy from the poorer south. The Holy Roman Empire, which was centered on the German states of Central Europe from 962–1806, should not be confused with the Roman Empire, which was based in Rome and ended centuries earlier. The process where a nation's government becomes democratic. Centripetal vs. Centrifugal Forces: AP Human Geography Crash Course Countries today face a myriad of issues that threaten to divide its citizens. A politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space. A state that completely surrounds another state. In fact, for most of human history, people have lived in stateless societies, characterized by a lack of concentrated authority, and the absence of significant inequalities in economic and political power. The Nation-State 49. Examples: Kurds, Palestinians, Basque, Saamis. He also viewed governmental agencies as merely another set of competing interest groups. Allows states within the state to determine whether to have Shari'a Laws. The term Balkanization comes from the Balkans region of Southeastern Europe. For example, if a person moves from a farm to a small town, then to a larger town and finally a city. A territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory. This colonial expansion across the globe is called imperialism. Ex: Any proposal to recognize Pakistani control over part or all of Kashmir would then provoke severe resistance from the Indian populace. CREATE AN ACCOUNT Create Tests & Flashcards. The devolution of a state is caused by what kinds of conflict? answer choices ... Sovereign states are free to establish their own foreign policy regarding other nations. In 2011, the Indian government ordered the Economist magazine to remove or cover such a map in 28,000 copies of its May edition which were for sale in India. 1) Ethnicity is important because A) it promotes peace. Throughout the nineteenth-century in Europe, states used what to achieve various goals? The result of the drive for nation-states in Europe is Italy for Italians, a united Germany for Germans, and France for the French, for example. D) Mexico and Russia. Undergraduate 1. Nation-state. A politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space. Tilly examined the political, social, and technological change in Europe from the Middle Ages to the present and attempted to explain the unprecedented success of the nation-state as the dominant form of state on Earth. 104 times. (1884-1885) During European Imperialism, various European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to discuss plans for dividing Africa peacefully. The process of placing a price on a good and then buying, selling and trading it. Marxists view the state as a partisan instrument that primarily serves the interests of the upper class. A nation state is a country formed and dominated politically by a particular/distinct ethnic group. However, this compromise is not neutral, as it sends a message that both claims are equally legitimate. Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Geography, 1.1 Geography: The Science of Where, How, and Why, Chapter 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes, Chapter 4: Political Borders, Boundaries, and Governments, 5.5 Globalization and International Trade, 7.3 Cities as Cultural and Economic Centers, 7.4 Cities as Environmental and Sustainable Centers. This means that there are groups of people who share a collective identity and history, but who have no parcel of land that they fully control. The Medieval state was organized by Estates, or parliaments in which key social groups negotiated with the king about legal and economic matters. Initially, the United States was organized as a confederation, a loosely allied group of independent states united in a common goal to defeat the British. The idea that a state is tied to a particular territory with defined boundaries came out of Europe and diffused through: An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought. 1. 104 times. Anarchists believe that the state apparatus should be dismantled entirely and an alternative set of social relations created, which would be unrelated to state power. Peace negociated in 1648 to end the 30 years war. Scholars have developed many theories of how political power has been expressed geographically as leaders and nations vie to control people, land, and resources. Elongated state. Total Cards. Many people have tried to exert control over the physical world to exert power for religious, economic, or cultural reasons. Conflict over the location or place of a boundary. The Greeks were the first people known to have explicitly formulated a political philosophy of the state, and to have rationally analyzed political institutions. The millions of people who were citizens of Yugoslavia never had a Yugoslav nationality; long identifying themselves as Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, or members of other nations or ethnic groups within the state. 32 key terms in the APHG study of political geography. The term Balkanization comes from the Balkans region of Southeastern Europe. System wherein each representative is elected from a territorially defined district. The study of human political ... 1967 declared itself a nation Has become recognized internationally European states have given it de facto recognition. Print. To state it plainly, most Europeans, and to an extent every human, want to be a member of a nation-state where everyone is alike and shares the same culture, heritage, and government. Examples of major nation-states are A) Germany and Denmark. Iraq is a multinational state because the large presence of Kurds in northern Iraq who want independence. According to Spykman’s Rimland Theory, Mackinder’s “lands of the outer rim” were the key to controlling Eurasia and then the world. For many hundreds of years, the Balkans have been home to a large number of disparate and often hostile nationalities, usually governed under the administration of one empire (Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, Yugoslavian). A nation that stretches across borders and across states. The political revolution that transformed Europe as a result of various actions that focused on ending continual warfare for the control of territory and introducing peaceful agreements that recognized the sovereignty of territory ruled by representative government structures. AP Human Geography Readiness Questions 1. ). 50. The United States has had a challenging time resolving whether it wants to pursue a unitary or federal style government. The term Balkanization has come to mean the hostile fragmentation of a large state into s… C 8. In other words, instead of asking (like Wittfogel) where the very first states came from, Tilly asked where the types of states with which we are most familiar came from, and why they became so prevalent. Rather than break into multiple smaller states, a country can choose to give each of its ethnicities or nationalities some measure of political autonomy. Answer: A. Marx and Engels were clear that communism’s goal was a classless society in which the state would have “withered away. Therefore, the political elite in a capital city (like Paris or Tokyo) frequently have outsized power over the rest of the country. The first, which includes liberal or conservative theories, treats capitalism as a given and concentrates on the function of states in a capitalist society. Some nations are stateless. This theory was articulated by German American historian Karl August Wittfogel in his book 1957 Oriental Despotism. In this case,a vast majority of the population of such a country tend to be of the same nationality. For many hundreds of years, the Balkans have been home to a large number of disparate and often hostile nationalities, usually governed under the administration of one empire (Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, Yugoslavian). Looking beyond the patterns on political maps helps us to understand the spatial outcomes of political processes and how political processes are themselves affected by spatial features. If you don't, then you clearly did not read the first sentence. Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation. In Medieval Europe, feudalism furthered the rationalization and formalization of the state. AP Human Geography Samples and Commentary from the 2019 Exam Administration: Free-Response Question 3 - Set 1 Author: College Board Subject: AP Human Geography Samples and Commentary from the 2019 Exam Administration: Free-Response Question 3 - Set 1 Keywords The idea or concept of a state originated in the Fertile Crescent between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea. Ex: European countries have progressed to the point where the concept of forming or remaining a nation-state is a driving force in many political sectors. AP Human Geography Unit 4 Review DRAFT. A territory legally attached to another territory with which it is not physically contiguous. AP Human Geography : Supranationalism & International Alliances ... example questions & explanations for AP Human Geography. … Boundaries play a critical role in how people interpret the world around them and can often be sources of conflict at all scales, from two neighbors arguing over where a fence should be placed to nation-states laying claim to parts of (or sometimes all) other sovereign nations. jill_rueb_83781. Political spaces exist at multiple scales, from a kid’s bedroom to the entire planet. Most agree that the earliest states emerged when agriculture and writing made it possible to centralize power durable. ~Sir Halford J. Mackinder proposed the Heartland Theory. A state with more than one nation inside its borders. balkanization. AP Human Geography AP Human Geography Chapter 8 Examples of major nation-states are. AP Human Geography Readiness Questions 1. History. The Atlantic has an article titled, “The Case for Getting Rid of Borders – Completely” that argues that morally and ethically, people should have more equal rights no matter which nation-state they belong to. E 4. The European states first colonized the New World of the Americas, but later redirected their focus to Africa and Asia. A multistate nation is a nation which operates more than one states within its borders. 0. 2002 AP® HUMAN GEOGRAPHY … Political geography is the study of how humans have divided up the surface of the Earth for purposes of management and control. D 10. Introduction to Human Geography by R. Adam Dastrup, MA, GISP is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Advanced Placement Human Geography (also known as AP Human Geo, AP Geography, APHG, AP HuGe, AP HuG, AP Human, or HGAP) is an Advanced Placement social studies course that studies human geography.The test is administered by College Board.. Maps outside the disputant countries commonly show both boundaries, noting their disputed status. B 2. D required the application of a concept, the nation-state, to the case of Canada. C 8. Since the late nineteenth century, virtually the entirety of the world’s inhabitable land has been parceled up into areas with more or less definite borders claimed by various states. The temporary or permanent relocation of population inside the boundaries of a nation-state: ... a series of small, less extreme locational changes. According to Tilly’s theory, military innovation in pre-modern Europe (especially gunpowder and mass armies) made war extremely expensive. Start studying AP Human Geography Chapter 8 vocab. The first ancient states that formed during this time were called city-states. The people, therefore, had good reason to give control to a central state, but in giving up control over the irrigation system, they also gave up control over their livelihoods and, thus, the central state gained immense control over people in general. The term Balkanization has come to mean the hostile fragmentation of a large state into s… Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because Naim 02:57 AP Human Geography Chapter 7 Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because A) nearly all Danes speak Danish … The interaction (interplay) among geography, power, politics, and international relations. Packed districts in which a majority of the population is from the minority. Nation 3. autocracy. Answer Key 1. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and their Moreover, the political border may persist even after the physical feature, which created the original boundary has changed its location. 1. For example, a military base. This strait remains the subject of a maritime boundary dispute between Canada and the United States. Copy this to my account; … Description. Both Hitler and the USSR believed this was possible, but both failed because they did not foresee the rise of other world powers such as the United States and China. Religious differences, for example, can split people of the same culture. This is often the result of unresolved centrifugal forces pulling the nation apart from within, such as economic disparity and ethnic or religious conflicts. B) the people living on the Faeroe islands, which are controlled by Denmark, speak Faeroese. Independent states are the primary building blocks of the world political map. AP Human Geography Test: Political Patterns & Processes ... Denmark and Ireland are both nation states because their dominant ethnicities match their nationalities. Vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface. Today we take it for granted that different societies are governed by different states, but this has not always been the case. C) Russia and the United States. ~Incorporates higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology. Tags: Question 52 ... AP Human Geography Ethnicity, Race, and Political Geography . Answer Key 1. A 3. The agrarian revolution and the Industrial Revolution were powerful movements that altered human activity in many ways. A less extreme example is Italy which extends more than 700 miles from northwest to southeast. Level. Stage 3 - moderate growth. Anarchism is a political philosophy that considers states immoral and instead promotes a stateless society, anarchy. AP Human Geography Vocabulary Apartheid: a legal system that was the physical separation of different races into different geographic areas My definition: separation of people in South Africa based on race Example: There were apartheid laws in South Africa between around 1950 to 1994.