by beastdog75 Plays Quiz not verified by Sporcle Rate 5 stars ... Popular Quizzes Today. [69], In Southeast Asia, the durian has been cultivated for centuries at the village level, probably since the late 18th century, and commercially since the mid-20th century. Annual production of rice in … Malaysia negotiated a deal with China to export the whole fruit frozen for the first time to China starting in 2019, previously only Thailand was permitted to export the whole fruit to China. In Vietnam, the cultivar, Musang King, is a common variety preferred by consumers. Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale yellow to red, depending on the species. These features are typical of flowers pollinated by certain species of bats that eat nectar and pollen. [16][17], A draft genome analysis of durian indicates it has about 46,000 coding and non-coding genes, among which a class called methionine gamma lyases – which regulate the odour of organosulfur compounds – may be primarily responsible for the distinct durian odour. While Wallace cautions that "the smell of the ripe fruit is certainly at first disagreeable", later descriptions by Westerners are more graphic in detail. Each cultivar has a distinct taste and odour. [28] On 22 May 2012, two other cultivars from Thailand that also lack the usual odour, Long Laplae and Lin Laplae, were presented to the public by Yothin Samutkhiri, governor of Uttaradit Province from where these cultivars were developed locally, while he announced the dates for the annual durian fair of Laplae District, and the name given to each cultivar. [48] Travel and food writer Richard Sterling says: its odor is best described as pig-excrement, turpentine and onions, garnished with a gym sock. [49], Other comparisons have been made with the civet, sewage, stale vomit, skunk spray and used surgical swabs. China ranked first in exports with an export value of about 2.3 trillion US dollars. [10] The durian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit, an unrelated species. [58] However, the ideal stage of ripeness to be enjoyed varies from region to region in Southeast Asia and by species. The leaf juice is applied on the head of a fever patient. The flesh is thick, not solid, yellow coloured, and has a sweet taste. In Sabah, red durian is fried with onions and chilli and served as a side dish. Durian is a tropical fruit native to Southeast Asia and is mainly grown in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Click Here to visit Plantations International. Turkey is the tenth largest producer of the Lemon which is the most vividly consumed citrus fruit of the world. Musang King currently accounts for 23 percent of Malaysia’s annual durian production. Let's eat... Posted on 10 July 2018. He said the projection is based on the 2019 Crop Statistics (Food Crop Sub-sector) after the country recorded 72,536ha of durian cultivation and production of 384,170 metric tonnes last year. The Musang King durian – also known as D197 or Mao Shan Wang – is the most sought-after durian in Malaysia. Global Durian Production. Production of Durian is concentrated mainly in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. It is reported that, in some countries, seedling durian trees have borne fruit at 5 years of age. List of largest producing countries of agricultural commodities Jump to navigation Jump to ... Production of some products is highly concentrated in a few countriesnce, China, the leading producer of wheat and ramie in 2013, produces 6% of the world's ramie fiber but only 17% of the world's wheat. The strong partnership between Malaysia and China has resulted in today’s durian export initiative and both governments had worked closely for months to facilitate the export of the frozen Musang King Durian in whole fruit form to China.”. 10. Only about 30 percent of a durian is consumed; the seeds and huge husk are usually discarded. Annually, 90-95 percent of durians imported into China come from Thailand. Supported by the government, durian is considered a new gold commodity and a source of income for Malaysia. Which country exports the most? It instructs the reader to boil the roots of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis with the roots of Durio zibethinus, Nephelium longan, Nephelium mutabile and Artocarpus integrifolia, and drink the decoction or use it as a poultice. [3][10] In My Tropic Isle, Australian author and naturalist Edmund James Banfield tells how, in the early 20th century, a friend in Singapore sent him a durian seed, which he planted and cared for on his tropical island off the north coast of Queensland. Some genera possess these characters, but others do not. India. [31] Another common variety is "Udang merah", or red shrimp, found in the states of Pahang and Johor. To cash in on the profitability of the fruit, many farms have expanded into massive plantations. The flesh can be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide variety of savoury and sweet desserts in Southeast Asian cuisines. Another cultivar is from Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia. Country. This pulp is the edible part, and its consistence and flavour are indescribable. In Malay peninsula and Sumatra, Pangasius catfish can be either cooked as tempoyak ikan patin (fish in tempoyak curry) or as brengkes (pais) tempoyak, which is a steamed fermented durian paste in banana leaf container. In India, generally, they come into bearing 9 to 12 years after planting, but in South India they will not produce fruit until they are 13 to 21 years old. [12], Over the centuries, numerous durian cultivars, propagated by vegetative clones, have arisen in Southeast Asia. [43] The increasing popularity of the fruit also saw the price of the Malaysian variety Musang King rise considerably; durian farmers would see the prices they get increasing from two ringgit per kilogram to 60 ringgit per kilo by 2018, which made it a far more lucrative than palm oil or rubber, leading to an increase in durian plantation. Philippine is another one of the top mango producing countries with a production of 825,676 million tons in a single year, 2011 which is world’s 3.6% of total mango production. [86], The increased demand for durians in China has prompted a shift in Malaysia from small-scale durian orchards to large-scale industrial operations, with forests being cleared to make way for large durian plantations. In Malaysia and Singapore, most consumers prefer the fruit to be as ripe and pungent in aroma as possible and may even risk allowing the fruit to continue ripening after its husk has already cracked open. [10] Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species. The flesh is medium-thick, solid, yellow in colour, and sweet. [9][50] Durians from different species or clones can have significantly different aromas; for example, red durian (D. dulcis) has a deep caramel flavour with a turpentine odour while red-fleshed durian (D. graveolens) emits a fragrance of roasted almonds. Durian husks have been touted as an environmentally-friendly component for particleboard furniture and organic fertilisers. [88], For a complete list of known species of Durio, see, "Hail the king of fruit - 10 types of durians from Malaysia", "A review on the nutritional, medicinal, molecular and genome attributes of durian (, "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website – Malvales", "Phylogeny of the core Malvales: evidence from ndhF sequence data", "Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences", "The draft genome of tropical fruit durian (Durio zibethinus)", "Durian Exporting Strategy, National Durian Database (กลยุทธการส่งออกทุเรียน)", "Comprehensive List of Durian Clones Registered by the Agriculture Department (of Malaysia)", "Fans Sour on Sweeter Version of Asia's Smelliest Fruit", "Panduan Lengkap Durian untuk Pencinta Raja Buah", "10 variations of durians - the King of Fruits - Metro News | The Star Online", "Variability analysis of Sukun durian plant (Durio zibethinus) based on RAPD marker", "Durian: the foul-smelling fruit that could make Malaysia millions", "Durians Smell Awful – But the Taste Is Heavenly", "Bioactive compounds, nutritional value, and potential health benefits of indigenous durian (, "Smelly durian fruit sends six to hospital and forces evacuation", "Sumatran tiger inspects durian fruit on forest floor", "Durians and booze: worse than a stinking hangover", "Jakarta: A city we learn to love but never to like", "Baby boy killed by falling durian in Jawi", "China's hunger for durian threatens Malaysian forests: Environmentalists", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durian&oldid=992036014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 December 2020, at 03:39. Top 10 BEST Durians EVER! [21] According to research conducted in Malaysia in the 1970s, durians were pollinated almost exclusively by cave fruit bats (Eonycteris spelaea);[10] however, a 1996 study indicated two species, D. grandiflorus and D. oblongus, were pollinated by spiderhunters (Nectariniidae) and another species, D. kutejensis, was pollinated by giant honey bees and birds as well as bats. Pregnant women or people with high blood pressure are traditionally advised not to consume durian. [55], One of the names Thailand contributed to the list of storm names for Western North Pacific tropical cyclones was 'Durian',[79] which was retired after the second storm of this name in 2006. [23] The edible portion of the fruit, known as the aril and usually referred to as the "flesh" or "pulp", only accounts for about 15–30% of the mass of the entire fruit. With its stand at the top position, china produces approximately 35% of the total rice produced all over the world. [82], Southeast Asian traditional beliefs, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, consider the durian fruit to have warming properties liable to cause excessive sweating. Different durian varieties from Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia vary in their carbohydrate content by 16-29%, fat content by 2-5%, protein content by 2-4%, dietary fibre content by 1-4%, and caloric value by 84-185 kcal per 100 grams. [3], The earliest known European reference to the durian is the record of Niccolò de' Conti, who travelled to Southeast Asia in the 15th century. However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular data found that the tribe Durioneae should be placed in the subfamily Helicteroideae of an expanded Malvaceae. For example, some popular clones are Sultan (D24), Kop (D99 Thai: กบ – "frog" Thai pronunciation: [kòp]), Chanee (D123, Thai: ชะนี – "gibbon" Thai pronunciation: [tɕʰániː]), Berserah or Green Durian or Tuan Mek Hijau (D145 Thai: ทุเรียนเขียว – Green Durian Thai pronunciation: [tʰúriːən kʰǐow]), Kan Yao (D158, Thai: ก้านยาว – Long Stem Thai pronunciation: [kâːn jaːw]), Mon Thong (D159, Thai: หมอนทอง – Golden Pillow Thai pronunciation: [mɔ̌ːn tʰɔːŋ]), Kradum Thong (Thai: กระดุมทอง – Golden Button Thai pronunciation: [kràdum tʰɔːŋ]), and with no common name, D169. In 2015, Indonesia produced 996,540 tons of durian, mostly in Java and Sumatra. [29], Popular cultivars in Malaysia and Singapore (Singapore imports most of its durians from Malaysia, hence the varieties are similar although there may be slight variation in the names) include "D24", which is a popular variety known for its bittersweet taste; "XO", which has a pale colour, thick flesh with a tinge of alcoholic fermentation; "Chook Kiok" (Cantonese meaning: bamboo leg) which has a distinctive yellowish core in the inner stem; and "Musang King" ('musang' is the Malay word for palm civet) which is usually the priciest of all cultivars. I would like to reiterate that I am a technical man and NOT a business man. A durian falling on a person's head can cause serious injuries because it is heavy, armed with sharp thorns, and can fall from a significant height. [50], The origin of the durian is thought to be in the region of Borneo and Sumatra, with wild trees in the Malay peninsula, and orchards commonly cultivated in a wide region from India to New Guinea. Top X Lemon And Lime Producing Countries in the World Hello Dear Friend I am from rural area please support my channel #dataisnice [37] Malaysia and Indonesia follow, both producing about 265,000 tonnes each. Offered at the best prices, our wide assortment of durians is known for their freshness, unique taste, and distinct odor. Chin leads in the rice production across the world. The markets of Turkey are full of the huge, sphere limes all around the year. Sometimes the ash of the burned rind is added to special cakes. For some people in northern Thailand, the preference is for the fruit to be soft and aromatic. ^ Wallace makes an almost identical comment in his 1866 publication The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utang and the bird of paradise. Thailand and Malaysia are the top global producers and exporters of durian, with an annual production of 600,000 and 300,000 metric tonnes, respectively. A common saying is that a durian has eyes, and can see where it is falling, because the fruit allegedly never falls during daylight hours when people may be hurt. [7][8] The species name 'zibethinus' derives from the name of the civet (Viverra zibetha), known for its odour. [30], Known locally as "durian IOI", this variety has a round shape, medium size, green and yellow outer skin colour, and has flesh easy to dislodge. The seeds can also be eaten when cooked. You can discover details including top producing & exporting countries, real-time market prices, local product varieties, seasonality, production & export volumes, and more. When ripe, the custard-like flesh inside can be sweet and creamy. China’s durian imports increased by 15 per cent in 2017 to about 350,000 tonnes. [32][33] The fruit is medium-sized with oval shape, brownish green skin having short thorns. figures are not available in all producing countries so exact production estimates are difficult to calculate. The whole fruits must be stored at a temperature between -80 and -110 degrees Celsius, before being transported. On the receiving end, China, Hong Kong and Singapore are the main export destination markets for durian. Durian Producing Countries Quiz Stats. Some species grow so tall that they can only be collected once they have fallen to the ground, whereas most cultivars of D. zibethinus are nearly always cut from the tree and allowed to ripen while waiting to be sold. The total lime production of the year in Turkey is 706,652 tons which is just a fraction of the total citrus fruit production in Turkey which is astoundingly huge, that is, 3,102,413 tons per annum. Below are more details on the top 10 countries with the largest gold production in 2019, beginning with the top producer and top consumer of bullion, China. [At present] the time of the coronavirus outbreak is not the Musang King season, so for now it has not caused any effect [on export to China],"​ Fede… [10], In 2019, researchers from the Technical University of Munich identified ethanethiol and its derivatives as a reason for its stinky smell. [5] Ikan brengkes tempoyak is fish cooked in a durian-based sauce, traditional in Sumatra. Thailand and Malaysia are the two largest producers of Durian fruit globally, together believed to account for up to 90% of global production. Local media in Malaysia recently reported that rainforest in Pahang is being cleared to plant Musang King durians, which are in high demand. Most cultivars have a common name and a code number starting with "D". [10], A common local belief is that the durian is harmful when eaten with coffee[44] or alcoholic beverages. The nectar and pollen of the durian flower that honeybees collect is an important honey source, but the characteristics of the honey are unknown. The Philippines was the third largest producer globally with 71.5 million KG. I would to thank the many readers who have invited me to participate in the durian business. [27], The Malaysian Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry started to register varieties of durian in 1934. [39][40] In the Philippines, the centre of durian production is the Davao Region. Tourists from China are visiting the state of Pahang in Malaysia, where the Musang King durian is native to. But recently Philippine mango production dropped down to only 400,000 million tons yet Philippine accounts for a huge share of dried mango production and is among the top mango producing countries. In previous years, limited availability and strong demand have pushed up the price for Musang King durians and the growing demand by China could raise prices even higher. Exports from honey in year 2015/2016 have earned the country more $315 million and the number is continuing to rise. The Kadayawan Festival is an annual celebration featuring the durian in Davao City. Durian tourism in Malaysia has attracted many durian lovers to come and eat the fruit in plantations while also learning about the cultivation process at the same time. [78] Strong nylon or woven rope netting is often strung between durian trees in orchards, serving a threefold purpose: the nets aid in the collection of the mature fruits, deter ground-level scavengers, and prevent the durians from falling onto people. Although most durians are imported from Malaysia here, durians are a popular crop for the locals. According to the Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region (FFTC-AP), durian prices in Malaysia have increased by 200 percent since 2014. [87], a. [11], The genus Durio is placed by some taxonomists in the family Bombacaceae, or by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae that includes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera Durionaceae. D. zibethinus is the only species commercially cultivated on a large scale and available outside of its native region. There are 13 common Malaysian varieties having favourable qualities of colour, texture, odour, taste, high yield, and resistance against various diseases. The report reflects official USDA estimates released in the monthly World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE). [3] Among the varieties of D. zibethinus, Thai varieties are sweeter in flavour and less odorous than Malay ones. The unusual flavour and odour of the fruit have prompted many people to express diverse and passionate views ranging from deep appreciation to intense disgust. First used around 1580, the name "durian" is derived from the Malay language word dûrî (meaning 'thorn'),[6] a reference to the numerous prickly thorns Widely known and revered in southeast Asia as the "king of fruits", the durian is distinctive for its large size, unique odor, and formidable thorn-covered husk. [63], Young leaves and shoots of the durian are occasionally cooked as greens. It was called "Durian Botak" ('Bald Durian'). They used to be grown with mixed results from seeds of trees bearing superior quality fruit, but now are propagated by layering, marcotting, or more commonly, by grafting, including bud, veneer, wedge, whip or U-grafting onto seedlings of randomly selected rootstocks. The most cultivated species is Durio zibethinus. This country produces 5.5 million tons of papaya annually, a number that has been continuously increasing over the last few years. [3] Four hundred years ago, it was traded across present-day Myanmar, and was actively cultivated especially in Thailand and South Vietnam. It is native to Borneo and Sumatra.[3]. 3, develops the odour about three days after the fruit is picked, which enables an odourless transport yet satisfies consumers who prefer the pungent odour. [51], The fruit's strong smell led to its ban from the subway in Singapore; it is not used in many hotels because of its pungency. These species are commonly distributed in Brunei, and together with other species like D. testudinarius and D. dulcis constitute a genetically diverse crop source.[36]. [10] The latter belief can be traced back at least to the 18th century when Rumphius stated that one should not drink alcohol after eating durians as it will cause indigestion and bad breath. [61] Red-fleshed durian is traditionally added to sayur, an Indonesian soup made from freshwater fish. Over thirty clones of D. zibethinus and six other Durio species have been subsequently introduced into Australia. “We are popular for Musang King durian that we export to China. The 6 additional species included in Durio s.l. [71], The durian is commonly known as the "king of fruits",[5] a label that can be attributed to its formidable look and overpowering odour. In 1741, Herbarium Amboinense by the German botanist Georg Eberhard Rumphius was published, providing the most detailed and accurate account of durians for over a century. [50] Sugar content, primarily sucrose, has a range of 8-20% among different durian varieties. More than 200 cultivars of D. zibethinus exist in Thailand. According to Larousse Gastronomique, the durian fruit is ready to eat when its husk begins to crack. In addition, the fruit is highly appetising to diverse animals, including squirrels, mouse deer, pigs, sun bear, orangutan, elephants, and even carnivorous tigers. In peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, the season for durians is typically from June to August, coinciding with that of the mangosteen. Anagram Word Building VIII 538; Oscar Winner AND IMDb Top 250 469; Bordering 'C' Countries on a Map 364; Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield 357; Multi-Category Threesomes II 192; More Quizzes; hide this ad . [28][84], The Javanese believe durian to have aphrodisiac qualities, and impose a set of rules on what may or may not be consumed with it or shortly thereafter. The fruit can grow as large as 30 centimetres (12 inches) long and 15 cm (6 in) in diameter, and it typically weighs 1 to 3 kilograms (2 to 7 pounds). Durian. However, the nineteenth-century British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace described its flesh as "a rich custard highly flavoured with almonds". [10] The leaves are evergreen, elliptic to oblong and 10–18 centimetres (4–7 inches) long. [83] The traditional method to counteract this is to pour water into the empty shell of the fruit after the pulp has been consumed and drink it. [10] Since the bases of the scales develop into spines as the fruit matures, sometimes spineless durians are produced artificially by scraping scales off immature fruits. Agro-Based Industry started to register varieties of D. zibethinus exist in Thailand we offer high durians. 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